Groundwater is water located beneath the earth’s surface, accumulated in soil layers, rocks, or in fractures and pores of rock and soil formations. Groundwater can exist at various depths, ranging from a few meters to hundreds of meters below the surface. It is a vital resource used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes, and is commonly extracted through boreholes or pumping systems.

Groundwater is generally divided into two main types:
• Shallow groundwater: Aquifers located near the ground surface, easier to access.
• Deep groundwater: Aquifers located deep underground, more difficult to extract and potentially differing in water quality.

Monitoring and supervising groundwater extraction offers numerous important benefits across environmental, economic, and social aspects. Key advantages include:

• Protecting groundwater resources
• Early detection of water quality issues
• Improved planning and water resource management
• Forecasting trends and variations
• Ensuring water security for communities
• Compliance with regulations and water resource protection policies

Legal Regulations

• Circular 17/2021/TT-BTNMT: Regulations on monitoring the exploitation and use of water resources. Replaces Circular 47/2017/TT-BTNMT

Summary of the circular:

Required monitoring parameters include:
• Water level sensors
• Flow measurement devices

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